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Central Banks

Central banks, also known as reserve banks or monetary authorities, define and issue legal tender (money). Their precise role varies from country, but most also manage the foreign-exchange reserves. Some also issue government debt, and some supervise parts of the financial system. Currency boards issue money the value of which is pegged to a different currency, usually the US dollar.

Sites in Central Banks

Australia - Reserve Bank of Australia
Monetary policy statements, economic statistics, description of the payment system, information on banknotes, and other publications and research.

Bulgarian National Bank
List of banks, money-supply statistics, and legal framework.

Japan - Bank of Japan
Monetary policy meetings and minutes, speeches, research papers, statistical releases, quarterly bulletin, and sources of changes in account balances at the BoJ.

Armenia - Central Bank of Armenia
About Armenia and the Central Bank, list of financial institutions, and money-supply statistics.

United Kingdom - Bank of England
The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street. Site has publications including the semi-annual Practical Issues Arising From the Euro, minutes of monthly monetary-policy meetings, weekly Bank Return, and other press releases.

Denmark - Nationalbank
Explanation of monetary policy, the discount rate and CIBOR, notes and coins, bank, mortgage and capital-market statistics, and information on government debt.

Malaysia - Bank Negara Malaysia
Exchange controls, national data summary, press notices and a summary of Malaysian financial system.

Thailand - Central Bank of Thailand
Decisions of the Monetary Policy Committee, guide to financial investment in Thailand, debt issuance announcements, payment systems, banknotes, and details of assistance to priority economic sectors.

Czech National Bank
Legal function, monetary policy, banking supervision, payment systems, and economic and financial statistics.

Cyprus - Central Bank of Cyprus
History, monetary policy framework, international business incentives, notes and coins, information on government securities.

Canada - Bank of Canada
Press notices, economic information, explanation of inflation target and market operations, careers and economic research.

Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Workings of its currency board, banking policy and supervision, debt market developments, HIBOR fixings and press releases.

New Zealand - Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Monetary policy, statistics, the banking system and New Zealand's unusual method of supervision, payment systems, RBNZ research papers and about the new series of polymer banknotes.

Singapore - Monetary Authority of Singapore
Directory of financial institutions, statutes and regulations, the "data room" of monetary information, and a licensing guide.

Bahrain Monetary Agency
List of financial institutions, rules and regulations, money and banking statistics, annual report and quarterly bulletin.

Georgia - National Bank of Georgia
Monetary policy and FX regime, acution details, the payment system, and restrictions on the export of currency.

Bosnia - Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Legislative structure, history, directories of banks and other associations, notes and coins, and statistical reports.

Colombia - Bank of the Repubic
History, economic statistics, inflation and exchange rate reports, banking operations and regulations, and gold museum.

Faroe Islands - Governmental Bank of the Faroe Islands
Accounts, external reserves, and information about the Faroe Islands economy.

Guatemala - Bank of Guatemala
Economic information and statistics and contact information.

Egypt - Central Bank of Egypt
Current FX rates, history of Egyptian money, and the latest annual report and quarterly economic review.

El Salvador - Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador
Structure of the financial system, monthly statistical bulletin, and mission statement.

Estonia - Bank of Estonia
Daily FX fixings, monetary policy framework, Estonian banking system, Estonian banknotes and coins, and papers on the EU accession process.

Jamaica - Bank of Jamaica
Statistical digest, quarterly monetary policy report, and balance sheet.

Hungary - National Bank of Hungary
Financial information including the history of the composition of the currency basket and its relationship to the forint, economic statistics, and legislative information.

Indonesia - Bank Indonesia
Press releases, regulations including exchange controls, and monetary, economic and banking indicators.

Iceland - Central Bank of Iceland
Official reserves, report on inflation target, annual reports, and 2001 Act of the Central Bank of Iceland.

Israel - Bank of Israel
Semi-annual inflation reports, government bond auctions, and announcements relating to banking supervision.

Jordan - Central Bank of Jordan
Law and organization structure.

Kuwait - Central Bank of Kuwait
Purpose, exchange-rate policy, and monetary statistics.

Latvia - Bank of Latvia
About the bank, its monetary policy, payment systems, laws, a history of Latvian money and balance sheets of credit institutions.

Zimbabwe - Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
FX in and outflows, supervision and surveillance annual reports, and monthly audited accounts.

Mexico - Bank of Mexico
Monetary and exchange-rate policies, numismatic information and quarterly inflation reports.

South Korea - Bank of Korea
Economic releases, FX system, chemical composition of coins, and a brief history of the Korean financial system.

Cayman Islands Monetary Authority
Investment services, requirements for creating a bank or insurance company, history of the currency (including the monetary divorce from Jamaica), and economic statistics.

Pakistan - State Bank of Pakistan
IMF agreements, operation of monetary policy, Act and Charter.

Romania - National Bank of Romania
Museum, economic and financial statistics, press releases, banking licences and regulations.

Palestinian Monetary Authority
List of banks, statistical bulletins, and information about the intended future issuance of a Palestinian monetary unit.

Bermuda Monetary Authority
List of institutions, links, collectors notes and coins; about Bermuda, and how to form a Bermudan entity.

Seychelles - Central Bank of Seychelles
History, exchange rate system and peg weights, economic statistics, quarterly review and annual report.

Yemen - Central Bank of Yemen
Function and structure, branches, pictures of currency, balance sheet and FX rates.

Malta - Central Bank of Malta
Banking directives, dealing prices of Treasury Bills and government securities, money-market reports and press releases.

Barbados - Central Bank of Barbados
About the bank, Barbados links, and monetary policy.

Moldova - National Bank of Moldova
Summary of the workings of the domestic debt market.

Netherlands Antilles - Central Bank Netherlands Antilles
Lists of financial institutions, rules applicable to them, quarterly bulletins and annual reports, and Dutch-language job vacancies.

Norway - Norges Bank
Press releases on monetary policy and related matters, and a detailed section on the Government Petroleum Fund, managed by a separate unit within Norges Bank called Norges Bank Investment Management.

Slovakia - National Bank of Slovakia
Annual Report, monetary and macroeconomic information, banking information, legislation and the Museum of Coins and Medals.

Slovenia - Bank of Slovenia
Monthly bulletin, exchange rates, base rate and penalty rate, acts on banknotes, acts on interest rates, current and former FX regimes, and a list of all ATMs in Slovenia.

South African Reserve Bank
Bank supervision acts and regulations, money-market operations, statement of policy on forward FX trading, press releases, monetary-policy statements, and about the South African Reserve Bank College.

Tanzania - Bank of Tanzania
Debt buyback information, list of registered banks and supervision regulations, payment system, bond bill auction details and application forms, and the Bank of Tanzania Training Institute.

Zambia - Bank of Zambia
Economic and financial data, BoZ publications and press releases.

Sri Lanka - Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Daily SLIBOR and exchange rates, monthly bulletin and prices at open market operations.

Tunisia - Central Bank of Tunisia
Currency museum, history of credit ratings, and steps towards full convertibility of the currency.

Turkey - Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
History, structure, governing law, and financial and statistical data delivery system.

Macedonia - National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia
Monetary policy mechanism, payment system, and exchange-control rules.

Mozambique - Bank of Mozambique
History, financial and credit statistics, and MAIBOR rates.

Philippines - Central Bank of the Philippines
Objectives, functions, calendar of economic releases, and an list of answers to FAQ about the peso's depreciation.

Trinidad and Tobago - Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
Economic commentary and outlook, monetary statistics, and daily inter-bank interest rates.

Poland - National Bank of Poland
Structure, governing legislation, economic statistics, and a list of banks in Poland.

Qatar Central Bank
Structure, law and descriptions of banks.

Brazil - Central Bank of Brasil
Inflation reports, regulations, economic and statistical information, payment system, and history.

Peru - Central Reserve Bank of Peru
Monetary operations, periodic and special reports, and facts about the BCRP.

Russia - Bank of Russia
History, balance sheet, press notices, and data release calendar.

Kenya - Central Bank of Kenya
Profiles of chief officers of the bank, the bank's mission, bill and bond information, and annual reports and monetary policy statements.

Argentina - Central Bank of the Argentine Republic
Mission statement, and list of financial institutions.

Guyana - Bank of Guyana
Banking, financial-sector and economic statistics, legal tender, legal and regulatory framework, press releases and contact information.

Aruba - Central Bank of Aruba
History, legislation and decrees, and economic statistics.

Trans-Dniester Republican Bank
History and press releases.

Lesotho - Central Bank of Lesotho
Rural finance and credit scheme, central bank acts and exchange control orders.

Fiji - Reserve Bank of Fiji
Working papers, regulatory framework, currency collectables, and a webcam giving the best view from any central bank.

Belarus - National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
Background, monetary policy guidelines, and list of banks (both open and closed).

Lebanon - Central Bank of Lebanon
Economic and financial data, exchange and payments systems, the history of the Lebanese pound, and information on the banking and financial sectors.

Bangladesh Bank
Also known as the "Central Bank of Bangladesh". About the financial system, the convertibility of Taka, and economic and statistical data about the economy.

Morocco - Bank Al-Maghrib
Annual report and monetary statistics.

Ghana - Bank of Ghana
History of the bank and contact information.

Solomon Islands - Central Bank of Solomon Islands
Annual and quarterly reports, monthly economic bulletins, Currency collectibles, and tenders of Solomon Islands Government Treasury Bills.

India - Reserve Bank of India
Information about monetary policy and operations, issues of government securities, financial and economic statistics, and the RBI museum.

Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
Currency museum, stock quotations and press releases.

Kazakhstan - National Bank of Kazakhstan
Brief explanation of monetary policy, banknotes and coins, and daily FX quotations.

Maldives Monetary Authority
Includes copies of the Quarterly Economic Bulletin.

Mauritius - Bank of Mauritius
List of commercial banks and application forms for T-Bill purchases.

Nepal Rastra Bank
Quarterly economic bulletin, basic economic indicators, information about the rural self-reliance fund and a history of Nepalese capital markets.

Oman - Central Bank of Oman
About the bank and contact information, monthly and quarterly bulletins, and information about commemorative coins.

Sweden - Riksbank
Economic and financial data for Sweden, FX reserves, and information on government debt.

Swiss National Bank
General remarks on price stability and relevance of LIBOR to monetary policy, rules on monetary-policy repo tenders, schedule of forthcoming speeches, data and statistics.

Uganda - Bank of Uganda
Staff papers, annual reports, occasional reports on the state of the economy, and information about the BoU's various credit programmes.

Ukraine - National Bank of Ukraine
Law, financial statements, spheres of activity, and pictures of the banknotes.

Samoa - Central Bank of Samoa
Mission, annual reports and monetary surveys, and speeches.

Azerbaijan - National Bank of Azerbaijan Republic
History of policy rates and T-bill issuance, spot FX rates, the bank's internal stucture, and addresses of regional offices.

Brunei Currency Board
History, legislation, and currency statistics.

Ethiopia - National Bank of Ethiopia
History of financial Institutions in Ethiopia; about the Ethiopian Institute of Banking and Insurance (EIBI); and results of weekly auctions of foreign exchange.

Sudan - Bank of Sudan
Economic indicators, spot FX, annual reports and contact details.

China - People's Bank of China
Speeches, statistics, rules and regulations for and supervision of financial institutions.

United Arab Emirates - Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates
Organisation, and brief comments on the state of the economy and the tools it uses.

Namibia - Bank of Namibia
Balance sheet, payment system, exchange control rules, and announcements of auctions of government debt.

Mongolia - Bank of Mongolia
Monthly bulletins, banking law, monetary statistics, history and banknotes.

Chile - Central Bank of Chile
Origin and history and policy objectives.

Macau - Monetary Authority of Macau
History, goals, structure, regulatory orders for banking and insurance, economic statistics and a list of commemorative coins.

Papua New Guinea - Bank of Papua New Guinea
Explanation of the objectives and implementation of monetary policy, the rules of exchange controls, and the operation of the government securities market.

Bahamas - Central Bank of the Bahamas
Brief summary of monetary policy, foreign exchange regime and regulatory environment.

Malawi - Reserve Bank of Malawi
Minutes of the Monetary Policy Committee, mission statement and research papers.

Croatian National Bank
List of banks, policy tools, regulations and legislation, economic and financial statistics, and information on coins and banknotes.

Nigeria - Central Bank of Nigeria
Includes a history of Nigerian monetary policy and of Nigeria's foreign exchange market, press releases, and statistics on government finances and on the economy.

Libya - Central Bank of Libya
The monetary authority in the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Includes some recent laws, a brief history, and more content in Arabic.

Albania - Bank of Albania
Site includes minutes of the meetings of the Supervisory Council.

Iran - Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
With information about the currency, the bank, and governing legislation.

Somaliland - Bank of Somaliland
Also known as Baanka Somaliland; site has a list of departments, branches and directors.

Cuba - Banco Central de Cuba
Comments on monetary policy, on bank supervision, and on the BCC's moves towards a gross real-time settlement system.

Serbia - National Bank of Serbia
Formerly the National Bank of Yugoslavia, site has history and organization, regulations, monetary policy, the banking system, and how to form a bank.

Belize - Central Bank of Belize
About the bank's mission and organizational structure, and some economic information.

Northern Cyprus - Central Bank of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Includes some of the main banking regulations and a list of banks.

Tonga - National Reserve Bank of Tonga
With information on the law, bank supervision, government bonds, currency and numismatics.

Vanuatu - Reserve Bank of Vanuatu
Includes a brief history, pictures of commemorative coins and information about the regulation of financial services.

Vietnam - State Bank of Vietnam
With a short list of functions and tasks, and a telephone directory.

Syria - Central Bank of Syria
Summarizes the foreign exchange regulations and gives basic facts about the central bank.

Suriname - Centrale Bank van Suriname
With pictures of items in the collection of The Numismatic Museum of the Centrale Bank van Suriname.

Kosovo - The Banking and Payment Authority of Kosovo
With a summary of the BPK's responsibilities and of the rules that regulate financial institutions in Kosovo. In English, Albanian and Serbian.

Bhutan - Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
Describes the RMA's legal status, roles, and has the text of relevant laws.

Kyrgyzstan - National Bank of Kyrgyz Republic
Legal staus, foreign exchange laws and monetary policy.

Lithuania - Bank of Lithuania
Publications, balance sheets of credit institutions, banknotes, and an explanation of the change in the currency peg from USD to EUR at the start of February 2002.

Iraq - Central Bank of Iraq
Includes information on the daily dollar auctions, the governor, and the rebuilding of Iraq's financial architecture.

Taiwan - Central Bank of China
FX statistics, financial institutions, government bond and treasury bill auctions (excel format), monetary policy announcements, and information about new banknotes and coins.

Nicaragua - Banco Central de Nicaragua
With annual reports and bulletins of the Central Bank of Nicaragua, statistics, and economic indicators. Current information in Spanish, most documents available in English.

Gambia - Central Bank of The Gambia
With information on foreign exchange, government securities, and the structure of the financial system.

Andorra - Institut Nacional Andorrà de Finances
With information on the Andorran financial system in English, Spanish, French and Catalan.